- 30 Seconds to Mars : Echelon
- Adam Lamber : Glambert
- Agnes Mo : NIC
- Arianna Grande : Arianator
- Austin Mahone : Mahomies
- Avril Lavigne : Little Black Stars
- Beyonce : BeyHive
- Big Bang : VIP
- Big Time Rush : Rusher
- Britney Spears : Britney Army
- Bruno Mars - Hooligans
- BoA : Jumping BoA
- Carly Rae Jepsen : Jepsies
- Cheryl Cole : Soldier
- Christina Aguilera : Fighter
- Demi Lovato : Lovatics
- Ed Sheeran : Sheeranators
- Eminem : Stans
- Girls Generation : Sone
- Ellie Goulding : Gouldiggers
- Emblem3 : Emblems
- Icona Pop : Icons
- Jennifer Lopez : Jlovers
- Jessie J : Heartbeats
- Justin Bieber : Beliebers
- Justin Timberlake : JT Superfans
- Katy Perry : KatyCats
- Ke$ha : Animals
- Lady Gaga :Little Monsters
- Lana Del Rey : Gangster/Lanatics
- Mariah Carey : Lambs
- Miley Cyrus : Smilers
- Momoiro Clover Z : Mononofu
- Muse : Muse Army
- Nicki Minaj : Barbz (for female fans) and Kenz (for Male fans)
- One Direction : Directioners
- Paramore : Paraholic
- Pixie Lott : Crazy Cats
- Porcelain Black : Trainwrecks
- Rihanna : Rihanna Navy
- Selena Gomez : Selenators
- SHINee : SHINee World
- Super Junior : E.L.F. (Everlasting Friends)
- Taylor Swift : Swifties
- The Wanted : TW Fanmily
- Tokio Hotel : Aliens
- TVXQ : Cassiopeia
- Lenka : Sugar Bombs
- Maroon 5 : S.I.N ( Strength In Number)
Kamis, 11 Desember 2014
Nama-nama fans penyanyi internasional :)
Guyssss kali ini gw akan memposting nama-nama fans penyanyi internasional, lagsung aja kita cek it out :)
Rabu, 10 Desember 2014
All about Kesha :)
Hello guysss sekarang gw mau posting nih tentang Kesha yang lebih dikenal dengan penyanyi Die Young ini , gw mau share ke kamu semua tentang profilnya silahkan di simak :
Kesha Rose Sebert (born March 1, 1987), known as Kesha (and formerly Ke$ha), (pronounced /ˈkɛʃə/) is an American singer, rapper, and songwriter. In 2005, at age 18, Kesha was signed to producer Dr. Luke's record label, Kemosabe Entertainment, and publishing company. Although an active musician since then, singing background vocals and writing songs for other artists, her breakthrough came in early 2009 after appearing on rapper Flo Rida's number-one single, "Right Round", although she was uncredited. Her debut album, Animal, and her first extended play, Cannibal, were released in 2010. Kesha's music and image propelled her to immediate commercial success, with Animal debuting as the number-one album in the United States. She also achieved two number-one singles, "Tik Tok" and "We R Who We R", and a string of top ten hits from the album and its re-release. At the same time, she continued to write songs for other artists, including "Till the World Ends" for Britney Spears. Warrior, her second studio album, was released in December 2012, spawning Kesha's eighth top-ten hit with "Die Young". "Tik Tok" is among the best-selling digital singles in history, selling over 14 million units internationally.
Influenced by various genres and artists, Kesha primarily draws inspiration from music of the 1980s; Madonna, Queen, and Beckhave been cited as instrumental to her artistry. After experimenting with country, pop rock, and electronic music, Kesha stuck with the latter. Her "talky" rap technique, yodeling, and excessive auto-tune have become her trademark, and all three have led to scrutiny regarding her vocal talent. Thematically, her music generally revolves around party antics and binge drinking, although some tracks have been noted as odes to individuality. Philanthropically, Kesha has been involved with animal rights and LGBTactivism. Since her debut, Kesha has been nominated for over 40 awards, winning more than fifteen. Among these awards, she won the MTV Europe Music Award for Best New Act in 2010 and several Billboard Awards. As of November 2013, she has reportedly sold over 35 million records (albums, tracks, and ringtones) in the United States and 57 million worldwide.
Early life
Kesha was born in Los Angeles, California on March 1, 1987. Her mother, Patricia Rose "Pebe" Sebert, is a singer-songwriter who co-wrote the 1978 single "Old Flames Can't Hold a Candle to You" with Hugh Moffatt for Joe Sun. Pebe, a single mother, struggled financially while supporting herself, Kesha, and Kesha's elder brother Lagan; they relied on welfare payments and food stamps to get by. When Kesha was an infant, Pebe would often have to look after her onstage while performing. Kesha says she has no knowledge of her father's identity. However, a man named Bob Chamberlain who called himself her father approached Star Magazine in 2011 with pictures and letters, claiming them as proof that they had been in regular contact as father and daughter before she turned 19. Her mother is of half German and half Hungarian descent (with her Hungarian side from Szentes). Kesha is also part Polish.
Pebe moved the family to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1991 after securing a new publishing deal for her songwriting. Pebe frequently brought Kesha and her brothers along to recording studios and encouraged Kesha to sing when she noticed Kesha's vocal talent. Kesha claimed that she did not fit in at school in the Brentwood suburb of Nashville, which she has called the "Bible Belt", explaining that her unconventional style (e.g., homemade purple velvet pants and purple hair) did not endear her to other students. She played the trumpet and later the saxophone in the marching band in school, and described herself in an interview with NPR as being a diligent student.
Kesha attended Franklin High School and Brentwood High School. In addition to taking songwriting classes, Kesha was also taught how to write songs by Pebe, and they would often write together when she returned home from high school. Kesha began recording demos which Pebe would give to people she knew. Kesha was also in a band with Lagan. Kesha and Pebe co-wrote the song "Stephen" together when Kesha was 16, Kesha then tracked down David Gamson, a producer that she admired, fromScritti Politti who agreed to produce the song. She dropped out of school at 17, after being convinced by Dr. Luke and Max Martin to return to Los Angeles to pursue a music career, and earned her GED after. Around this time, Pebe answered an ad by reality series, The Simple Life, looking for an "eccentric" family to host Paris Hilton and Nicole Richie. The episode aired in 2005. Luke and Martin had received one of Kesha's demos from Samantha Cox, senior director of writer/publisher relations at Broadcast Music Incorporated, and were impressed. Two of the demos were described in a cover story for Billboard, the first "a gorgeously sung, self-penned country ballad" and the second "a gobsmackingly awful trip-hop track" where Kesha raps ad lib for a minute when she runs out of lyrics near the end. Dr. Luke stated in an interview for the story that it was the latter track that caught his attention, saying "[w]hen you're listening to 100 CDs, that kind of bravadochutzpah stand out."
Inilah beberapa photo Kesha:
All about christmas
Guysss hari ini gw mau posting nih tentang natal, kan bentar lagi natal paling 2 minggu lebih lah sebenarnya Natal itu apa sih ?? kadang kadang kita cuman mikir natal itu kayak ritual-ritual biasa padahal natal itu punya arti loh coba deh kalian simak ini
Christmas or Christmas Day (Old English: Crīstesmæsse, meaning "Christ's Mass") is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed generally on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world. A feast central to the Christian liturgical year, it closes the Advent season and initiates thetwelve days of Christmastide, which ends after the twelfth night. Christmas is a public holiday in many of the world's nations, is celebrated culturally by a large number of former or non-Christian people, and is an integral part of the Christmas and holiday season.While the birth year of Jesus is estimated among modern historians to have been between 7 and 2 BC, the exact month and day of his birth are unknown.His birth is mentioned in two of the four canonical gospels. By the early-to-mid 4th century, the Western Christian Church had placed Christmas on December 25, a date later adopted in the East, although some churches celebrate on the December 25 of the older Julian calendar, which currently corresponds to January 7 in the modern-day Gregorian calendar. The date of Christmas may have initially been chosen to correspond with the day exactly nine months after early Christians believed Jesus to have been conceived, or with one or more ancient polytheistic festivals that occurred near southern solstice (i.e., the Roman winter solstice); a further solar connection has been suggested because of a biblical verse identifying Jesus as the "Sun of righteousness".The celebratory customs associated in various countries with Christmas have a mix of pre-Christian, Christian, and secularthemes and origins. Popular modern customs of the holiday include gift giving, Christmas music and caroling, an exchange of Christmas cards, church celebrations, a special meal, and the display of various Christmas decorations, includingChristmas trees, Christmas lights, nativity scenes, garlands, wreaths, mistletoe, and holly. In addition, several closely related and often interchangeable figures, known as Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Saint Nicholas, and Christkind, are associated with bringing gifts to children during the Christmas season and have their own body of traditions and lore. Because gift-giving and many other aspects of the Christmas festival involve heightened economic activity among both Christians and non-Christians, the holiday has become a significant event and a key sales period for retailers and businesses. The economic impact of Christmas is a factor that has grown steadily over the past few centuries in many regions of the world.
Etymology
"Christmas" is a compound word originating in the term "Christ's Mass". It is derived from the Middle English Cristemasse, which is from Old English Crīstesmæsse, a phrase first recorded in 1038 followed by the word Cristes-messe in 1131. Crīst (genitive Crīstes) is from Greek Khrīstos (Χριστός), a translation of Hebrew Māšîaḥ (מָשִׁיחַ), "Messiah", meaning "anointed"; and mæsse is from Latin missa, the celebration of the Eucharist. The form "Christenmas" was also historically used, but is now considered archaic and dialectal; it derives from Middle English Cristenmasse, literally "Christian mass". "Xmas" is an abbreviation of Christmas found particularly in print, based on the initial letterchi (Χ) in Greek Khrīstos (Χριστός), "Christ", though numerous style guides discourage its use; it has precedent in Middle English Χρ̄es masse (where "Χρ̄" is an abbreviation for Χριστός).
Other names
In addition to "Christmas", the holiday has been known by various other names throughout its history. The Anglo-Saxons referred to the feast as "midwinter", or, more rarely, as Nātiuiteð (from Latin nātīvitās below). "Nativity", meaning "birth", is from Latin nātīvitās. In Old English, Gēola ("Yule") referred to the period corresponding to January and December, which was eventually equated with Christian Christmas. "Noel" (or "Nowell") entered English in the late 14th century and is from the Old French noëlor naël, itself ultimately from the Latin nātālis (diēs), "(day) of birth".
Itulah Postingan gw tentang Natal :) semoga bermanfaat bagi kita semua . Saya ucapkan selamat Natal dan Tahun baru (merry christmas and happy new year 2015) ;)
Selasa, 09 Desember 2014
profil Meghan Trainor
Profil Meghan Trainor
Meghan Elizabeth Trainor (born December 22, 1993) is an American singer, songwriter, and producer. Trainor rose to prominence with her 2014 debut single "All About That Bass", which topped the US Billboard Hot 100 for eight consecutive weeks and topped the charts in other countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Germany, and the United Kingdom.
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Meghan Elizabeth Trainor (born December 22, 1993) is an American singer, songwriter, and producer. Trainor rose to prominence with her 2014 debut single "All About That Bass", which topped the US Billboard Hot 100 for eight consecutive weeks and topped the charts in other countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Germany, and the United Kingdom.
Early Life
Trainor was born and raised in Nantucket, Massachusetts, the daughter of Kelli (Jekanowski) and Gary Trainor. She grew up with a musical family, and has been writing songs since she was 11 years old. She started a band with her family after a failed attempt with her cousin, Tori. When she was 13, her parents bought her a computer so that she could compose her own songs. The family later moved to Hyannis, Massachusetts, so that Trainor and her two brothers, Ryan and Justin, could attend Nauset Regional High School in nearby North Eastham. She attended summer programs at Berklee College of Music in Boston during her high school years.
Begini Photo dari Meghan Trainor
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Sekian dulu postingan dari saya tentang Meghan Trainor
All about Demi Lovato
Demetria Devonne "Demi" Lovato (born August 20, 1992) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter who made her debut as a child actress in Barney & Friends. In 2008, Lovato rose to prominence in the Disney Channel television film Camp Rock and signed a recording contract with Hollywood Records. She released her debut album, Don't Forget, that September; it has been certified goldby the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over 530,000 copies. In 2009, Lovato received her owntelevision series, Sonny with a Chance. Her second album, Here We Go Again, was released that July and debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200; its title track became her first single to break the top 20 of the Billboard Hot 100, reaching number 15, and being certified platinum.
After the release of additional television films and their soundtracks in 2010, Lovato's personal issues put her career on hiatus and ended Sonny with a Chance after its second season. Her third album, Unbroken (2011), addresses several of her difficulties. Its leadsingle, "Skyscraper", became Lovato's first single at the time to be certified platinum in the United States; its second single, "Give Your Heart a Break", was certified triple platinum. Lovato was as a judge and mentor on the American version of The X Factor in 2012 and 2013. Her fourth album, Demi (2013), had first-week sales of 110,000 copies (the best debut week of Lovato's recording career). Its lead single, "Heart Attack" became her first song to chart within the top 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100.
Lovato has received a number of accolades, including an MTV Video Music Award, thirty one Teen Choice Awards nominations (twelve of which she won), five People's Choice Awards, two ALMA Awards and a Billboard Touring Awards. In 2013, Maxim ranked her 26th on its Hot 100 list and Billboard ranked her second on its Social 50 Artists of the Year list. Outside the entertainment industry, Lovato is involved with several social and environmental causes. In May 2013, she was cited for her dedication as a mentor to teens and young adults with mental-health challenges at a National Children's Mental Health Awareness Day hosted by theSubstance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration in Washington, D.C.. She has also become an advocate for the LGBTcommunity. In 2014 she was announced as the Grand Marshal for LA PRIDE week, and that same year she became the face for HRC's America's for Marriage Equality Campaign.
Life And Career
1992–2006: Early life and career beginnings
Demetria Devonne Lovato was born on August 20, 1992 in Albuquerque, New Mexico to engineer and musician Patrick Martin Lovato (1960 — June 22, 2013) and former Dallas Cowboys cheerleader Dianna Lee Hart (born Dianna Lee Smith; August 8, 1962). Lovato has an older sister, Dallas (born February 4, 1988); a younger maternal half-sister, actress Madison De La Garza, and an older paternal half-sister, Amber, to whom she first spoke when she was 20. Her parents divorced in the late summer of 1994, shortly after her second birthday. Lovato's father was of Mexican and Spanish descent, and she also has Irish, Italian and English ancestry. Patrick's patrilineal great-grandmother, Maria Cristina Perea, was a daughter of Civil War Union veteran Francisco Perea (1830–1913) and a great-granddaughter of Santa Fe de Nuevo Méxicogovernor Francisco Xavier Chávez.
Lovato was raised in Dallas, Texas. With Selena Gomez, she began her acting career on the children's television series Barney & Friends as Angela. She began playing piano at age seven and guitar at ten, when she also began dancing and acting classes. Lovato told Ellen DeGeneres that she was bullied so badly that she asked forhomeschooling, and she received her high-school diploma through homeschooling in April 2009. She later became a spokesperson for the anti-bullying organization PACER and appeared on America's Next Top Model to speak out against bullying. In 2006 Lovato appeared on Prison Break, and on Just Jordan the following year.
Personal Life
Lovato dated musician Trace Cyrus in 2009. In 2010, she briefly dated Joe Jonas. On her eighteenth birthday, she bought a Mediterranean-style house in Los Angeles; however, she decided to live in a "sober house" in Los Angeles after leaving rehab in January 2011.
Lovato had no interest in forging a relationship with her late father, Patrick, after his divorce from her mother. Patrick died of cancer on June 22, 2013, at age 53. After his death Lovato said that he had been mentally ill, and in his honor she created the Lovato Treatment Scholarship Program.
Personal struggles
Lovato had experienced depression, an eating disorder and self-harm before going into rehab in November 2010. On 30 October 2010, Lovato withdrew from the Jonas Brothers Live in Concert tour, entering a treatment facility for "physical and emotional issues". It was reported that she decided to enter treatment after punching female backup dancer Alex Welch, which led to an intervention by her management and family, and she took "100 percent, full responsibility" for the incident. On January 28 Lovato completed inpatient treatment at Timberline Knolls and returned home, acknowledging that she had had bulimia, harmed herself and was "self-medicating" with drugs and alcohol "like a lot of teens do to numb their pain". She added that she "basically had a nervous breakdown" and was diagnosed with bipolar disorder during her treatment. Lovato later admitted that she had used cocaine several times a day and smuggled cocaine and alcohol onto airplanes. In April she became a contributing editor forSeventeen magazine, describing her struggles. In March 2012 MTV aired a documentary (Stay Strong) about Lovato's rehab and recovery, and she began work on her fourth album the following month. In January 2013, it was reported that Lovato had been living in a sober-living facility in Los Angeles for more than a year because she felt it was the best way to avoid returning to her addictions and eating disorder.
Beliefs
Lovato is a Christian, praying with her band before they perform, and an active supporter of gay rights. When the Defense of Marriage Act was repealed in June 2013, she tweeted: "Gay, straight, lesbian, bi. ... No one is better than any one else. What an incredible day for California AND for equality." Lovato later said, "I believe in gay marriage, I believe in equality. I think there's a lot of hypocrisy with religion. But I just found that you can have your own relationship with God, and I still have a lot of faith." In an early November 2013 interview with Latina magazine, she said: "I'm the closest I've ever been with God. I have my own relationship with God and that's all that matters," and that she finds spirituality to be important part of maintaining balance in life.
On December 23, 2011, Lovato posted a message on Twitter criticizing her former network for airing episodes of Shake It Up and So Random! in which characters joked about eating disorders. Disney Channel publicity officials quickly took action, apologizing to Lovato and removing the episodes from the network's broadcast and video on demandsources after additional criticism (following Lovato's post) on the network's public-relations account.
Sekian dulu yaaa guysss tentang profil Demi Lovato :) terima kasih
Macam Macam Powerbank Unik dan Murah
Powerbank Murmer!!!
WelcomeResaler..
Pemesanan dapat melalui JNE
minat???
Nomor HP 082122359750
Yuuuuk segera dipesan sebelum kehabisan :)
WelcomeResaler..
Pemesanan dapat melalui JNE
minat???
Nomor HP 082122359750
Yuuuuk segera dipesan sebelum kehabisan :)
Teori Multi Intelligence Howard Gardner
- Kepandaian Musik : Pandai membedakan suara, irama, vibrasi, menyukai pertunjukkan alat musik dan komposisi musik.
- Kepandaian olahraga , olah fisik : menyukai ,mengekspresikan segala hal dengan tubuh.
- Kepandaian meneliti alam : menyukai penelitian tentang alam dan menyukai flora dan fauna
- Kemampuan Hubungan sosial : banyak teman , dan kemungkinan menjadi politikus
- Kemampuan ruang : menyukai disain , melukis , membuat sesuatu , mencari jalan .
- Kepandaian bahasa : pandai berdebat , pandai menebak kosakata.
- Kepandaian matematika : pintar berhitung, menyukai logika-logika matematika
Itulah post saya tentang teori multi intelligence menurut Howard Gardaner
Masa Hamil Hewan- Hewan pilihan
- Anjing : 58-63 hari
- Anjing liar : 9-12 bulan
- Babi : 112-115 hari.
- Beruang Hitam : 6 bulan .
- Bison : 270-285 hari.
- Domba Daging : 144-147 hari
- Domba Wool : 148- 151 hari
- Gajah : 21 bulan
- Gorilla : 8 bulan
- Harimau : 100-108 hari
- Ikan Paus : 360 hari
- Jerapah : 14-15 bulan
- Kambing : 150 hari.
- Kangguru : 38-39 hari
- Keledai : 12 bulan
- Kelinci : 1 bulan
- Kerbau : 315 hari
- Kucing : 63 hari
- Onta : 410 hari
- Zebra : 11-12 bulan
Apakah lupa tidak bisa dicegah ?
Lupa adalah gejala alami yang akan dialami siapa saja semakin bertambahnya usia. Tapi kita bisa mengurangi tingkat dan menunda waktunya dengan sedikit kerja keras .
Dementia : Penyakit yang timbul akibat tersumbatnya pembuluh darah otak. Kemampuan mental seperti ingatan, kepercayaan diri, intelektual akan menurun.Kebanyakan kronis dan terus berkembang.
Alzheimer : Penyakit yang terjadi karena penyusutan otak akibat sel saraf pada cerebral cortex mati. Gejalanya sama dengan dementia
Semoga informasi ini bisa bermanfaat bagi kita semua ;)
- Berolahraga secara teratur.
- Agar otak cukup mendapatkan oksigen, hindari minuman keras dan rokok.
- Membiasakan otak bekerja macam-macam
- Banyak membaca bermacam-macam buku juga bagus
- Bermain baduk atau permainan asah otak lainnya dengan orang-orang di sekitar kita
- Banyak makan buah-buahan dan sayur-sayuran .
Dementia : Penyakit yang timbul akibat tersumbatnya pembuluh darah otak. Kemampuan mental seperti ingatan, kepercayaan diri, intelektual akan menurun.Kebanyakan kronis dan terus berkembang.
Alzheimer : Penyakit yang terjadi karena penyusutan otak akibat sel saraf pada cerebral cortex mati. Gejalanya sama dengan dementia
Semoga informasi ini bisa bermanfaat bagi kita semua ;)
Macam- macam gelombang otak (brainware)
Gelombang otak adalah aliran listrik yang timbul mengiringi aktivitas otak, atau kegiatan merekam semua itu.
Gelombang Alpha : kondisi otak seolah sedang bermimpi. Kondisi paling stabil dan nyaman.
Gelombang Beta : Gelombang otak yang agak cepat. Kondisi ketika otak menaruh perhatian mendalam pada hal yang terjadi.
Gelombang Theta :agak lambat. Kondisi otak merasakan kantuk.
Gelombang Delta : sangat lambat. Kondisi sedang pulas tertidur
Gelombang Alpha : kondisi otak seolah sedang bermimpi. Kondisi paling stabil dan nyaman.
Gelombang Beta : Gelombang otak yang agak cepat. Kondisi ketika otak menaruh perhatian mendalam pada hal yang terjadi.
Gelombang Theta :agak lambat. Kondisi otak merasakan kantuk.
Gelombang Delta : sangat lambat. Kondisi sedang pulas tertidur
Resep awet muda
Resep Awet Muda :
- Hadapi segala masalah dengan santai dan tenang tanpa melupakan masalah itu sendiri .
- Bersedih hati jangan terlalu berkepanjangan.
- Jauhkan amarah karena amarah hanya membuang-buang energi.
- Jangan mempedulikan hal-hal yang dilakukan oleh orang lain.
- Terimalah penderitaan dengan pasrah dan takwa kepada Tuhan yang maha Esa .
- Fisik anda harus anda jaga dengan olahraga dan senam .
- jangan merasa lekas tua.
- Hadapi orang marah dengan tenang dan jangan masukkan ke hati
- kalau ada masalah selesaikan secara kepala dingin(bukan kepalanya pake es batu loh) maksudnya selesaikan dengan hati dan kepala yang tenang/rileks.
Macam- macam agama dan penjelasannya
Beberapa macam agama- agama di dunia :
- Kong Hu Cu
Kong Hu Cu sesungguhnya adalah suatu lembaga estetika, dan dapat dianggap agama karena perlunya pengorbanan-pengorbanan kepada dewa dan nenek moyang . Penganut agama ini umumnya hidup dalam Lima Hukum Moral Utama, yaitu : Kebaikan, Kejujuran , Kewajaran , Sikap , Kebijaksanaan dan kelurusan . Kitab suci umat Kong Hu Cu : Susi dan Ngokeng. Pembawa agama ini adalah bernama Kong Hu Cu . agama ini pertama kali muncul sekitar 2500 tahun lalu. Dasar- dasar agama Kong Hu Cu berasal dari Analekta Kong Hu Cu dan tulisan- tulisan Mencius, orang yang bijaksana pada abad ke 4 SM
2. Shikh
Kitab suci agama ini adalah : Granth Sahib, pembawa agama ini adalah Guru Nanak, agama ini pertama kali muncul sekitar 500 tahun yang lalu. Basis umat/ mayoritas agama ini terdapat di negara bagian Punjab, India. Agama ini adalah agama gabungan antara Islam dan Hindu.Dalam hal ini , agama ini berusaha menghapuskan sistem kasta yang terdapat pada agama Hindu dan mempersatukan penganutnya dalam hanya satu kelas. Ayat-ayat suci Sikh mulai dikumpulkan oleh Guru Arjan(1563-1606). Ia juga membangun kota suci kaum Sikh, Amritsar.
3 Budha .
Kitab suci umat Budha : Tri Pitaka, agama ini dibawa oleh Sidharta Gautama . Agama ini muncul sekitar 2500 tahun yang lalu. Mayoritas penganut agama ini ada di : Asia Tenggara, Sri Lanka, Korea, China, Jepang, Tibet, dll. Tujuan hidup dalam agama ini adalah untuk mencapai nirwana atau surga, dengan penuh kebahagiaan meninggalkan dunia, karena dengan demikian reinkarnasi(penjelmaan) dapat dilakukan.
4 . Hindu
Kitab suci agama Hindu adalah Weda , pembawa agama ini adalah Brahmana. Agama ini adalah agama yang paling tua. Dalam agama Hindu mengenal adanya 3 dewa yaitu : Dewa Brahma sebagai dewa pencipta , Dewa Wisnu sebagai dewa pelindung , Dewa Siwa sebagai dewa pelindung. ketiga dewa ini bergabung dan menjadi Tri Murti . Dalam agama ini mengenal istilah karma dan reinkarnasi .
Demikianlah yang bisa saya sampaikan jika ada kelasahan mohon untuk di perbaiki/ dicoment :)
Topologi Jaringan
Topologi jaringan adalah, hal yang menjelaskan hubungan geometris antara unsur-unsur dasar penyusun jaringan, yaitu node, link, danstation. Topologi jaringan dapat dibagi menjadi 6 kategori utama seperti di bawah ini.
- Topologi bintang
- topologi cincin
- Topologi bus
- Topologi jala
- Topologi pohon
- Topologi linier
- Topologi Hybrid
- Topologi broadcast
Berikut adalah gambar gambar dan penjelasannya tentang kelebihan dan kekurangannya :
- Topologi Bintang
kelebihannya:
- Kerusakan pada satu saluran hanya akan memengaruhi jaringan pada saluran tersebut dan station yang terpaut.
- Tingkat keamanan termasuk tinggi.
- Tahan terhadap lalu lintas jaringan yang sibuk.
- Penambahan dan pengurangan station dapat dilakukan dengan mudah.
- Akses Kontrol terpusat.
- Kemudahan deteksi dan isolasi kesalahan/kerusakan pengelolaan jaringan
- Paling fleksibel
..
- Jika node tengah mengalami kerusakan, maka seluruh rangkaian akan berhenti.
- Boros dalam pemakaian kabel.
- HUB jadi elemen kritis karena kontrol terpusat.
- Peran hub sangat sensitif sehingga ketika terdapat masalah dengan hub maka jaringan tersebut akan down.
- Jaringan tergantung pada terminal pusat.
- Jika menggunakan switch dan lalu lintas data padat dapat menyebabkan jaringan lambat.
- Biaya jaringan lebih mahal dari pada bus atau ring.
Kelebihannya antara lain :
- Mudah untuk dirancang dan diimplementasikan
- Memiliki performa yang lebih baik daripada topologi bus, bahkan untuk aliran data yang berat sekalipun.
- Mudah untuk melakukan konfigurasi ulang dan instalasi perangkat baru.
- Mudah untuk melakukan pelacakan dan pengisolasian kesalahan dalam jaringan karena menggunakan konfigurasi point to point
- Hemat kabel
- Tidak akan terjadi tabrakan pengiriman data (collision), karena pada satu waktu hanya satu node yang dapat mengirimkan data..
- Peka kesalahan, sehingga jika terdapat gangguan di suatu node mengakibatkan terganggunya seluruh jaringan. Namun hal ini dapat diantisipasi dengan menggunakan cincin ganda (dual ring).
- Pengembangan jaringan lebih kaku, karena memindahkan, menambah dan mengubah perangkat jaringan dan mempengaruhi keseluruhan jaringan.
- Kinerja komunikasi dalam jaringan sangat tergantung pada jumlah titik/node yang terdapat pada jaringan.
- Lebih sulit untuk dikonfigurasi daripada Topologi bintang
- Dapat terjadi collision (dua paket data tercampur)
- Diperlukan penanganan dan pengelolaan khusus bandles.
Kelebihannya antara lain :
Pengembangan jaringan atau penambahan workstation baru dapat dilakukan dengan mudah tanpa mengganggu workstation lain.
Hemat kabel.
Hemat kabel.
Layout kabel sederhana.
Kekurangannya antara lain :
- Bila terdapat gangguan di sepanjang kabel pusat maka keseluruhan jaringan akan mengalami gangguan.
- Kepadatan pada jalur lalu lintas.
- Diperlukan Repeater untuk jarak jauh.
Kelebihannya :
- Hubungan dedicated links menjamin data langsung dikirimkan ke komputer tujuan tanpa harus melalui komputer lainnya sehingga dapat lebih cepat karena satu link digunakan khusus untuk berkomunikasi dengan komputer yang dituju saja (tidak digunakan secara beramai-ramai/sharing).
- Memiliki sifat Robust, yaitu Apabila terjadi gangguan pada koneksi komputer A dengan komputer B karena rusaknya kabel koneksi (links) antara A dan B, maka gangguan tersebut tidak akan memengaruhi koneksi komputer A dengan komputer lainnya.
- Privacy dan security pada topologi mesh lebih terjamin, karena komunikasi yang terjadi antara dua komputer tidak akan dapat diakses oleh komputer lainnya.
- Memudahkan proses identifikasi permasalahan pada saat terjadi kerusakan koneksi antar komputer.
- Membutuhkan banyak kabel dan Port I/O. semakin banyak komputer di dalam topologi mesh maka diperlukan semakin banyak kabel links dan port I/O (lihat rumus penghitungan kebutuhan kabel dan Port).
- Hal tersebut sekaligus juga mengindikasikan bahwa topologi jenis ini * Karena setiap komputer harus terkoneksi secara langsung dengan komputer lainnya maka instalasi dan konfigurasi menjadi lebih sulit.
- Banyaknya kabel yang digunakan juga mengisyaratkan perlunya space yang memungkinkan di dalam ruangan tempat komputer-komputer tersebut berada.

Keungguluan jaringan pohon seperti ini adalah, dapat terbentuknya suatu kelompok yang dibutuhkan pada setiap saat. Sebagai contoh, perusahaan dapat membentuk kelompok yang terdiri atas terminal pembukuan, serta pada kelompok lain dibentuk untuk terminal penjualan. Adapun kelemahannya adalah, apabila simpul yang lebih tinggi kemudian tidak berfungsi, maka kelompok lainnya yang berada dibawahnya akhirnya juga menjadi tidak efektif. Cara kerja jaringan pohon ini relatif menjadi lambat. Menurut jeremyah joel, tapologi ini menggunakan banyak kabel dan di Backbone [Kabel terbawah] merupakan pusat dari tapologi ini.
Semoga informasi diatas dapat menambah wawasan kita tentang apa itu topologi jaringan ;)
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